Cash Flow Statement (Indirect Method)
Built from TB: PAT + non-cash add-backs ± working-capital changes. Reconciles to opening + closing bank balance.
April 2024
Consultant view — includes per-ledger inflows/outflows, voucher counts, skipped journals, per-ledger variance, and cross-checks.
The business burned ₹66,970 of cash this period — bank + petty cash shrank by this amount.
Cash Reconciliation
Opening + Net CF = Closing · the identity that proves every ₹ is accounted for
Indirect Cash Flow Statement
Full line-by-line build from PAT — including per-ledger detail for every working-capital and non-cash adjustment
Starts from PAT (from the P&L). Non-cash items are added back. WC deltas are computed from opening vs closing balances in the TB. Tax & interest paid come from the Payments Register (voucher-level).
| Profit After Tax (PAT) | −₹55,050.00 |
| = Operating profit before WC changes | −₹55,050.00 |
|
＋(Increase) / Decrease in Trade Receivables
Δ (TB opening→closing) = -25,000.00 across 1 ledger(s). Non-cash components excluded from working capital to avoid double counting (e.g. bad-debt write-offs reduce Debtors without affecting cash)
Ledgers: Sundry Debtors
|
₹25,000.00 |
|
＋Increase / (Decrease) in Trade Payables
Δ (TB opening→closing) = 24,539.00 across 3 ledger(s)
Ledgers: Provisions, Partner Reimbursement (Prateek), Partner Reimbursement (Rahul)
|
₹24,539.00 |
|
−(Increase) / Decrease in Tax Prepayments (TDS Recv / Advance Tax)
Δ = 2,500.00 across 2 ledger(s)
Ledgers: TDS Receivable 24-25, TDS Reveivable 23-24
|
−₹2,500.00 |
|
−Increase / (Decrease) in Duties & Taxes (aggregate)
Δ = -4,959.00 across 1 ledger(s)
Ledgers: Duties & Taxes
|
−₹4,959.00 |
| = Cash generated from operations | −₹12,970.00 |
| Net Cash from Operating Activities | −₹12,970.00 |
| Net Cash from Investing Activities | ₹0.00 |
|
−Drawings / Capital withdrawn — Rahul Nathani
Cr movement − Dr movement = -54,000.00
Ledgers: Rahul Nathani
|
−₹54,000.00 |
|
＋(No PAT adjustment — profit not yet appropriated)
PAT of ₹-55,050.00 is NOT reflected in any equity ledger Δ (P&L A/c / Reserves Δ ≈ 0 and partner capital net Δ is pure drawings). ΔEquity already equals −Drawings, so no PAT subtraction needed. If your firm DOES appropriate profit at year-end, post a journal: Dr P&L A/c, Cr Partner Capital — then re-run this report.
|
₹0.00 |
| Net Cash from Financing Activities | −₹54,000.00 |
| Net Increase / (Decrease) in Cash | −₹66,970.00 |
Direct ↔ Indirect reconciliation
Section-by-section — voucher-sourced Direct vs TB-Δ Indirect. Large variance ⇒ specific mapping/tagging gap
| Section | Direct (voucher) | Indirect (TB Δ) | Variance | Likely cause if variance ≠ 0 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Operating net | -12,970.00 | -12,970.00 | -0.00 | — reconciles cleanly |
| Investing net | 0.00 | -0.00 | 0.00 | — reconciles cleanly |
| Financing net | -54,000.00 | -54,000.00 | 0.00 | — reconciles cleanly |
| Net Cash Flow (all sections) | -66,970.00 | -66,970.00 | 0.00 | |
| TB Bank/Cash period movement (ground truth) | -66,970.00 | |||
Financing drill-down
| Partner / Capital outflow (Direct — from payment vouchers) | 54,000.00 |
| Partner / Capital inflow (Direct — contributions) | 0.00 |
| Direct net (Capital contributions − Drawings) | -54,000.00 |
| Loan taken (Direct) | 0.00 |
| Loan repaid (Direct) | 0.00 |
| Direct net (Borrowings) | 0.00 |
Operating reconciliation — line-by-line variance: 0 (Indirect too high)
(Indirect build vs Direct voucher breakdown) If Indirect Operating ≠ Direct Operating, the gap lives in exactly one (or two) of the lines below.
| Indirect Operating build | Amount |
|---|---|
| Profit After Tax (PAT) | -55,050.00 |
| = Operating profit before WC changes | -55,050.00 |
|
(Increase) / Decrease in Trade Receivables
Δ (TB opening→closing) = -25,000.00 across 1 ledger(s). Non-cash components excluded from working capital to avoid double counting (e.g. bad-debt write-offs reduce Debtors without affecting cash)
Ledgers: Sundry Debtors
|
25,000.00 |
|
Increase / (Decrease) in Trade Payables
Δ (TB opening→closing) = 24,539.00 across 3 ledger(s)
Ledgers: Provisions, Partner Reimbursement (Prateek), Partner Reimbursement (Rahul)
|
24,539.00 |
|
(Increase) / Decrease in Tax Prepayments (TDS Recv / Advance Tax)
Δ = 2,500.00 across 2 ledger(s)
Ledgers: TDS Receivable 24-25, TDS Reveivable 23-24
|
-2,500.00 |
|
Increase / (Decrease) in Duties & Taxes (aggregate)
Δ = -4,959.00 across 1 ledger(s)
Ledgers: Duties & Taxes
|
-4,959.00 |
| = Cash generated from operations | -12,970.00 |
| Net Cash from Operating Activities | -12,970.00 |
| Direct Operating (from vouchers) | Amount |
|---|---|
| Inflows | |
|
Trade Receivables
2 ledger(s): GA Design, S S M G & ASSOCIATES LLP
|
52,000.00 |
| Outflows | |
|
Office & Admin
2 ledger(s): Office Expenses, Telephone Expenses
|
−40,220.34 |
|
Travel & Field
2 ledger(s): Business Meeting Expenses, Travelling Expense
|
−11,407.32 |
|
GST Payable
2 ledger(s): CGST, SGST
|
−9,459.00 |
|
Employee Cost
1 ledger(s): Staff Welfare Expenses
|
−3,883.34 |
| Direct Operating Net | -12,970.00 |
How to use this: scan for the component on the
Indirect side whose sign/magnitude doesn't match a corresponding
category on the Direct side. Common suspects:
(a) a "Provisions / Bad Debts / Write-offs" add-back that's
larger than expected — means an expense got tagged non-cash
that actually hit the bank;
(b) a WC line whose Δ is big but the matching Direct category is
small (mis-tagged wc_component);
(c) "Income Tax paid" line smaller than the Direct "Tax Paid"
category — means some tax payments used ledger names the
Indirect regex doesn't catch (e.g. "TCS", "Professional Tax").
Per-ledger Operating variance 15 ledgers · every rupee traced
Sum of the Δ column equals the Operating variance between methods. Rows with Δ > 0 = Indirect over-counts; Δ < 0 = Indirect under-counts. Sort: biggest absolute variance first.
| Ledger | Nature | Category | Indirect Op | Direct Op | Δ (Ind − Dir) | Indirect classification rule applied |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Partner Reimbursement (Rahul) | liability | Partner Reimbursement | 34,050.00 | 0.00 | 34,050.00 | liability Payable — +(Cr−Dr) = +(40,050.00−6,000.00) |
| GA Design | — | — | 0.00 | 27,000.00 | -27,000.00 | (ledger seen only in Direct) |
| Professional Fees | income | Revenue | 25,000.00 | 0.00 | 25,000.00 | income (+Cr−Dr = 25,000.00−0.00) |
| S S M G & ASSOCIATES LLP | — | — | 0.00 | 25,000.00 | -25,000.00 | (ledger seen only in Direct) |
| Sundry Debtors | asset | Trade Receivables | 25,000.00 | 0.00 | 25,000.00 | asset Receivable — −(Dr−Cr) = −(29,500.00−54,500.00) |
| Office Expenses | expense | Office & Admin | -55,500.00 | -38,486.70 | -17,013.30 | expense (−(Dr−Cr) = −(55,500.00−0.00)) |
| Partner Reimbursement (Prateek) | liability | Partner Reimbursement | -9,511.00 | 0.00 | -9,511.00 | liability Payable — +(Cr−Dr) = +(40,000.00−49,511.00) |
| Duties & Taxes | liability | Duties & Taxes | -4,959.00 | 0.00 | -4,959.00 | liability nan — +(Cr−Dr) = +(4,500.00−9,459.00) |
| SGST | — | — | 0.00 | -4,762.00 | 4,762.00 | (ledger seen only in Direct) |
| CGST | — | — | 0.00 | -4,697.00 | 4,697.00 | (ledger seen only in Direct) |
| Travelling Expense | expense | Travel & Field | -10,450.00 | -7,246.60 | -3,203.40 | expense (−(Dr−Cr) = −(10,450.00−0.00)) |
| TDS Receivable 24-25 | asset | TDS Receivable | -2,500.00 | 0.00 | -2,500.00 | asset nan — −(Dr−Cr) = −(2,500.00−0.00) |
| Business Meeting Expenses | expense | Travel & Field | -6,000.00 | -4,160.72 | -1,839.28 | expense (−(Dr−Cr) = −(6,000.00−0.00)) |
| Staff Welfare Expenses | expense | Employee Cost | -5,600.00 | -3,883.34 | -1,716.66 | expense (−(Dr−Cr) = −(5,600.00−0.00)) |
| Telephone Expenses | expense | Office & Admin | -2,500.00 | -1,733.64 | -766.36 | expense (−(Dr−Cr) = −(2,500.00−0.00)) |
| Totals | -12,970.00 | -12,970.00 | -0.00 | |||
| Engine's Indirect Op (from `indirect_operating_net`) | -12,970.00 | -12,970.00 | 0.00 | Must match the Totals row above (within paisa of rounding). Any mismatch ⇒ attribution rule bug. | ||
How to read this: each ledger contributes a specific amount to Indirect Operating (per accrual rules: income ⇒ +Cr−Dr, expense ⇒ −(Dr−Cr), asset WC ⇒ −(Dr−Cr), liability WC ⇒ +(Cr−Dr)). Direct attributes cash flow per actual voucher processing. Where the two diverge by a non-trivial amount, it's a specific mapping / classification / treatment issue on that ledger — not "rounding". Click a row's ledger name in a future version to see every voucher that touched it.
Equity ledgers pulled into Indirect engine 3 ledger(s) · debug Financing variance
Everything here contributes to raw_eq_delta; PAT is subtracted at end. If your P&L A/c or Reserves ledger is missing from this list, that's why Financing variance = PAT — my mask didn't catch it.
| Ledger | Nature tag | Category | Δ (Cr − Dr) | Included because |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prateek Agrawal | equity | Partner's Capital | 0.00 | nature=equity |
| Rahul Nathani | equity | Partner's Capital | -54,000.00 | nature=equity |
| Sakshi Nathani Partner A/c | equity | Partner's Capital | 0.00 | nature=equity |
| raw_eq_delta (sum of above) | -54,000.00 | |||
If Direct's partner-drawings figure ≠ Indirect's equity Δ (after PAT
adjustment), that's a mapping/tagging problem. The Direct figure
comes from actual Dr <Partner> / Cr Bank voucher lines —
this is ground truth. If Indirect says something different,
investigate the partner-ledger TB classification or PAT value.