Cash Flow Statement (Indirect Method)
Built from TB: PAT + non-cash add-backs ± working-capital changes. Reconciles to opening + closing bank balance.
March 2026
Consultant view — includes per-ledger inflows/outflows, voucher counts, skipped journals, per-ledger variance, and cross-checks.
The business generated ₹119,135 of cash this period — bank + petty cash grew by this amount.
Cash Reconciliation
Opening + Net CF = Closing · the identity that proves every ₹ is accounted for
Indirect Cash Flow Statement
Full line-by-line build from PAT — including per-ledger detail for every working-capital and non-cash adjustment
Starts from PAT (from the P&L). Non-cash items are added back. WC deltas are computed from opening vs closing balances in the TB. Tax & interest paid come from the Payments Register (voucher-level).
| Profit After Tax (PAT) | ₹147,307.00 |
| ＋Interest / Finance Cost (reclassified to Financing) | +₹649.00 |
| = Operating profit before WC changes | ₹147,956.00 |
|
＋(Increase) / Decrease in Trade Receivables
Δ (TB opening→closing) = -326,101.32 across 1 ledger(s). Non-cash components excluded from working capital to avoid double counting (e.g. bad-debt write-offs reduce Debtors without affecting cash)
Ledgers: Sundry Debtors
|
₹326,101.32 |
|
−(Increase) / Decrease in Tax Prepayments (TDS Recv / Advance Tax)
Δ = 29,487.00 across 1 ledger(s)
Ledgers: TDS Receivable - 25-26
|
−₹29,487.00 |
|
−Increase / (Decrease) in Duties & Taxes (aggregate)
Δ = -19,980.00 across 1 ledger(s)
Ledgers: Duties & Taxes
|
−₹19,980.00 |
| = Cash generated from operations | ₹424,590.32 |
| Net Cash from Operating Activities | ₹424,590.32 |
| Net Cash from Investing Activities | ₹0.00 |
|
−Drawings / Capital withdrawn — Rahul Nathani
Cr movement − Dr movement = -304,806.00
Ledgers: Rahul Nathani
|
−₹304,806.00 |
|
＋(No PAT adjustment — profit not yet appropriated)
PAT of ₹147,307.00 is NOT reflected in any equity ledger Δ (P&L A/c / Reserves Δ ≈ 0 and partner capital net Δ is pure drawings). ΔEquity already equals −Drawings, so no PAT subtraction needed. If your firm DOES appropriate profit at year-end, post a journal: Dr P&L A/c, Cr Partner Capital — then re-run this report.
|
₹0.00 |
| −− Interest on Borrowings paid | −₹649.00 |
| Net Cash from Financing Activities | −₹305,455.00 |
| Net Increase / (Decrease) in Cash | ₹119,135.32 |
Direct ↔ Indirect reconciliation
Section-by-section — voucher-sourced Direct vs TB-Δ Indirect. Large variance ⇒ specific mapping/tagging gap
| Section | Direct (voucher) | Indirect (TB Δ) | Variance | Likely cause if variance ≠ 0 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Operating net | 424,590.32 | 424,590.32 | 0.00 | — reconciles cleanly |
| Investing net | 0.00 | -0.00 | 0.00 | — reconciles cleanly |
| Financing net | -305,455.00 | -305,455.00 | 0.00 | — reconciles cleanly |
| Net Cash Flow (all sections) | 119,135.32 | 119,135.32 | 0.00 | |
| TB Bank/Cash period movement (ground truth) | 119,135.32 | |||
Financing drill-down
| Partner / Capital outflow (Direct — from payment vouchers) | 305,455.00 |
| Partner / Capital inflow (Direct — contributions) | 0.00 |
| Direct net (Capital contributions − Drawings) | -305,455.00 |
| Loan taken (Direct) | 0.00 |
| Loan repaid (Direct) | 0.00 |
| Direct net (Borrowings) | 0.00 |
Operating reconciliation — line-by-line variance: -0 (Indirect too low)
(Indirect build vs Direct voucher breakdown) If Indirect Operating ≠ Direct Operating, the gap lives in exactly one (or two) of the lines below.
| Indirect Operating build | Amount |
|---|---|
| Profit After Tax (PAT) | 147,307.00 |
| + Interest / Finance Cost (reclassified to Financing) | 649.00 |
| = Operating profit before WC changes | 147,956.00 |
|
(Increase) / Decrease in Trade Receivables
Δ (TB opening→closing) = -326,101.32 across 1 ledger(s). Non-cash components excluded from working capital to avoid double counting (e.g. bad-debt write-offs reduce Debtors without affecting cash)
Ledgers: Sundry Debtors
|
326,101.32 |
|
(Increase) / Decrease in Tax Prepayments (TDS Recv / Advance Tax)
Δ = 29,487.00 across 1 ledger(s)
Ledgers: TDS Receivable - 25-26
|
-29,487.00 |
|
Increase / (Decrease) in Duties & Taxes (aggregate)
Δ = -19,980.00 across 1 ledger(s)
Ledgers: Duties & Taxes
|
-19,980.00 |
| = Cash generated from operations | 424,590.32 |
| Net Cash from Operating Activities | 424,590.32 |
| Direct Operating (from vouchers) | Amount |
|---|---|
| Inflows | |
|
Trade Receivables
8 ledger(s): ADHAR BEVERAGES PRIVATE LIMITED, B.L.G INTERNATIONAL HING PRIVATE LIMITED, D S DODHIYA & CO, FINREP ADVISORS LLP, …
|
582,764.32 |
| Outflows | |
|
GST Payable
2 ledger(s): CGST, SGST
|
−58,230.00 |
|
Trade Payables
1 ledger(s): Mahesh Thakkar
|
−35,400.00 |
|
Employee Cost
1 ledger(s): Staff Salary
|
−32,000.00 |
|
Repairs & Maintenance
1 ledger(s): Repair and Maintenance
|
−13,394.00 |
|
Office & Admin
3 ledger(s): Electricity Bill, Housekeeping Expenses, Website and Email (Subscription)
|
−12,349.68 |
|
Travel & Field
1 ledger(s): Business Meeting Expenses
|
−6,800.00 |
|
Other / Unmapped
1 ledger(s): Round Off
|
−0.32 |
| Direct Operating Net | 424,590.32 |
How to use this: scan for the component on the
Indirect side whose sign/magnitude doesn't match a corresponding
category on the Direct side. Common suspects:
(a) a "Provisions / Bad Debts / Write-offs" add-back that's
larger than expected — means an expense got tagged non-cash
that actually hit the bank;
(b) a WC line whose Δ is big but the matching Direct category is
small (mis-tagged wc_component);
(c) "Income Tax paid" line smaller than the Direct "Tax Paid"
category — means some tax payments used ledger names the
Indirect regex doesn't catch (e.g. "TCS", "Professional Tax").
Per-ledger Operating variance 24 ledgers · every rupee traced
Sum of the Δ column equals the Operating variance between methods. Rows with Δ > 0 = Indirect over-counts; Δ < 0 = Indirect under-counts. Sort: biggest absolute variance first.
| Ledger | Nature | Category | Indirect Op | Direct Op | Δ (Ind − Dir) | Indirect classification rule applied |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Professional Fees | income | Revenue | 362,500.00 | 0.00 | 362,500.00 | income (+Cr−Dr = 362,500.00−0.00) |
| Sundry Debtors | asset | Trade Receivables | 326,101.32 | 0.00 | 326,101.32 | asset Receivable — −(Dr−Cr) = −(427,750.00−753,851.32) |
| FINREP ADVISORS LLP | — | — | 0.00 | 216,000.00 | -216,000.00 | (ledger seen only in Direct) |
| Professional Services | expense | Direct Cost | -120,000.00 | 0.00 | -120,000.00 | expense (−(Dr−Cr) = −(120,000.00−0.00)) |
| Shruthi & Co | — | — | 0.00 | 106,200.00 | -106,200.00 | (ledger seen only in Direct) |
| B.L.G INTERNATIONAL HING PRIVATE LIMITED | — | — | 0.00 | 80,000.00 | -80,000.00 | (ledger seen only in Direct) |
| MELTING POT FOOD PRODUCTS PRIVATE LIMITED | — | — | 0.00 | 53,100.00 | -53,100.00 | (ledger seen only in Direct) |
| D S DODHIYA & CO | — | — | 0.00 | 48,464.32 | -48,464.32 | (ledger seen only in Direct) |
| ADHAR BEVERAGES PRIVATE LIMITED | — | — | 0.00 | 37,800.00 | -37,800.00 | (ledger seen only in Direct) |
| Mahesh Thakkar | — | — | 0.00 | -35,400.00 | 35,400.00 | (ledger seen only in Direct) |
| Professional Expense | expense | Professional Fees | -30,000.00 | 0.00 | -30,000.00 | expense (−(Dr−Cr) = −(30,000.00−0.00)) |
| TDS Receivable - 25-26 | asset | TDS Receivable | -29,487.00 | 0.00 | -29,487.00 | asset nan — −(Dr−Cr) = −(29,487.00−0.00) |
| CGST | — | — | 0.00 | -29,115.00 | 29,115.00 | (ledger seen only in Direct) |
| SGST | — | — | 0.00 | -29,115.00 | 29,115.00 | (ledger seen only in Direct) |
| Golden Years Properties Private Limited | — | — | 0.00 | 25,000.00 | -25,000.00 | (ledger seen only in Direct) |
| Duties & Taxes | liability | Duties & Taxes | -19,980.00 | 0.00 | -19,980.00 | liability nan — +(Cr−Dr) = +(65,250.00−85,230.00) |
| OTIF MULTI SOLUTIONS LLP | — | — | 0.00 | 16,200.00 | -16,200.00 | (ledger seen only in Direct) |
| Business Meeting Expenses | expense | Travel & Field | -6,800.00 | -6,800.00 | 0.00 | expense (−(Dr−Cr) = −(6,800.00−0.00)) |
| Electricity Bill | expense | Office & Admin | -4,630.00 | -4,630.00 | 0.00 | expense (−(Dr−Cr) = −(4,630.00−0.00)) |
| Round Off | expense | Other / Unmapped | -0.32 | -0.32 | 0.00 | expense (−(Dr−Cr) = −(0.32−0.00)) |
| Website and Email (Subscription) | expense | Office & Admin | -4,219.68 | -4,219.68 | 0.00 | expense (−(Dr−Cr) = −(4,219.68−0.00)) |
| Repair and Maintenance | expense | Repairs & Maintenance | -13,394.00 | -13,394.00 | 0.00 | expense (−(Dr−Cr) = −(13,394.00−0.00)) |
| Staff Salary | expense | Employee Cost | -32,000.00 | -32,000.00 | 0.00 | expense (−(Dr−Cr) = −(32,000.00−0.00)) |
| Housekeeping Expenses | expense | Office & Admin | -3,500.00 | -3,500.00 | 0.00 | expense (−(Dr−Cr) = −(3,500.00−0.00)) |
| Totals | 424,590.32 | 424,590.32 | -0.00 | |||
| Engine's Indirect Op (from `indirect_operating_net`) | 424,590.32 | 424,590.32 | -0.00 | Must match the Totals row above (within paisa of rounding). Any mismatch ⇒ attribution rule bug. | ||
How to read this: each ledger contributes a specific amount to Indirect Operating (per accrual rules: income ⇒ +Cr−Dr, expense ⇒ −(Dr−Cr), asset WC ⇒ −(Dr−Cr), liability WC ⇒ +(Cr−Dr)). Direct attributes cash flow per actual voucher processing. Where the two diverge by a non-trivial amount, it's a specific mapping / classification / treatment issue on that ledger — not "rounding". Click a row's ledger name in a future version to see every voucher that touched it.
Equity ledgers pulled into Indirect engine 4 ledger(s) · debug Financing variance
Everything here contributes to raw_eq_delta; PAT is subtracted at end. If your P&L A/c or Reserves ledger is missing from this list, that's why Financing variance = PAT — my mask didn't catch it.
| Ledger | Nature tag | Category | Δ (Cr − Dr) | Included because |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prateek Agrawal | equity | Partner's Capital | 0.00 | nature=equity |
| Rahul Nathani | equity | Partner's Capital | -304,806.00 | nature=equity |
| Sakshi Nathani Partner A/c | equity | Partner's Capital | 0.00 | nature=equity |
| Profit & Loss A/c | equity | Retained Earnings | 0.00 | nature=equity + name matches P&L/Reserves pattern + category='Retained Earnings' matches |
| raw_eq_delta (sum of above) | -304,806.00 | |||
If Direct's partner-drawings figure ≠ Indirect's equity Δ (after PAT
adjustment), that's a mapping/tagging problem. The Direct figure
comes from actual Dr <Partner> / Cr Bank voucher lines —
this is ground truth. If Indirect says something different,
investigate the partner-ledger TB classification or PAT value.