Cash Flow Statement (Indirect Method)
Built from TB: PAT + non-cash add-backs ± working-capital changes. Reconciles to opening + closing bank balance.
H1 FY2024-25 (Apr 2024-Sep 2024)
Consultant view — includes per-ledger inflows/outflows, voucher counts, skipped journals, per-ledger variance, and cross-checks.
The business generated ₹115,005 of cash this period — bank + petty cash grew by this amount.
Cash Reconciliation
Opening + Net CF = Closing · the identity that proves every ₹ is accounted for
Indirect Cash Flow Statement
Full line-by-line build from PAT — including per-ledger detail for every working-capital and non-cash adjustment
Starts from PAT (from the P&L). Non-cash items are added back. WC deltas are computed from opening vs closing balances in the TB. Tax & interest paid come from the Payments Register (voucher-level).
| Profit After Tax (PAT) | ₹473,743.90 |
| = Operating profit before WC changes | ₹473,743.90 |
|
−(Increase) / Decrease in Trade Receivables
Δ (TB opening→closing) = 129,300.00 across 1 ledger(s). Non-cash components excluded from working capital to avoid double counting (e.g. bad-debt write-offs reduce Debtors without affecting cash)
Ledgers: Sundry Debtors
|
−₹129,300.00 |
|
＋Increase / (Decrease) in Trade Payables
Δ (TB opening→closing) = 63,586.00 across 3 ledger(s)
Ledgers: Provisions, Sundry Creditors, Partner Reimbursement (Rahul)
|
₹63,586.00 |
|
−(Increase) / Decrease in Tax Prepayments (TDS Recv / Advance Tax)
Δ = 64,500.00 across 2 ledger(s)
Ledgers: TDS Receivable 24-25, TDS Reveivable 23-24
|
−₹64,500.00 |
|
＋Increase / (Decrease) in Duties & Taxes (aggregate)
Δ = 33,301.06 across 1 ledger(s)
Ledgers: Duties & Taxes
|
₹33,301.06 |
| = Cash generated from operations | ₹376,830.96 |
| Net Cash from Operating Activities | ₹376,830.96 |
| Net Cash from Investing Activities | ₹0.00 |
|
−Drawings / Capital withdrawn — Prateek Agrawal
Cr movement − Dr movement = -2,825.96
Ledgers: Prateek Agrawal
|
−₹2,825.96 |
|
＋Profit & Loss A/c (current-year PAT sits here until appropriated)
Cr movement − Dr movement = 368,281.90
Ledgers: Profit & Loss A/c
|
₹368,281.90 |
|
−Drawings / Capital withdrawn — Rahul Nathani
Cr movement − Dr movement = -259,000.00
Ledgers: Rahul Nathani
|
−₹259,000.00 |
|
−(Less) Current-year PAT share appropriated to partners
PAT is already captured in Operating (via the PBT starting point). Its appropriation into Partner Capital / P&L A/c is a book entry — deducted here to avoid double-counting.
|
−₹368,281.90 |
| Net Cash from Financing Activities | −₹261,825.96 |
| Net Increase / (Decrease) in Cash | ₹115,005.00 |
Direct ↔ Indirect reconciliation
Section-by-section — voucher-sourced Direct vs TB-Δ Indirect. Large variance ⇒ specific mapping/tagging gap
| Section | Direct (voucher) | Indirect (TB Δ) | Variance | Likely cause if variance ≠ 0 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Operating net | 376,537.28 | 376,830.96 | -293.68 | Residual of bank movement after Investing/Financing. Variance here usually means Investing or Financing vouchers are incomplete — fix those first. |
| Investing net | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | — reconciles cleanly |
| Financing net | -261,532.28 | -261,825.96 | 293.68 | Partner / capital / loan ledger not tagged equity (bs_bucket="Equity" or "Non-Current Liability") · P&L A/c closing entry missing · dividend / drawings voucher missing. |
| Net Cash Flow (all sections) | 115,005.00 | 115,005.00 | 0.00 | |
| TB Bank/Cash period movement (ground truth) | 115,005.00 | |||
Financing drill-down
| Partner / Capital outflow (Direct — from payment vouchers) | 261,532.28 |
| Partner / Capital inflow (Direct — contributions) | 0.00 |
| Direct net (Capital contributions − Drawings) | -261,532.28 |
| Loan taken (Direct) | 0.00 |
| Loan repaid (Direct) | 0.00 |
| Direct net (Borrowings) | 0.00 |
Operating reconciliation — line-by-line variance: 294 (Indirect too high)
(Indirect build vs Direct voucher breakdown) If Indirect Operating ≠ Direct Operating, the gap lives in exactly one (or two) of the lines below.
| Indirect Operating build | Amount |
|---|---|
| Profit After Tax (PAT) | 473,743.90 |
| = Operating profit before WC changes | 473,743.90 |
|
(Increase) / Decrease in Trade Receivables
Δ (TB opening→closing) = 129,300.00 across 1 ledger(s). Non-cash components excluded from working capital to avoid double counting (e.g. bad-debt write-offs reduce Debtors without affecting cash)
Ledgers: Sundry Debtors
|
-129,300.00 |
|
Increase / (Decrease) in Trade Payables
Δ (TB opening→closing) = 63,586.00 across 3 ledger(s)
Ledgers: Provisions, Sundry Creditors, Partner Reimbursement (Rahul)
|
63,586.00 |
|
(Increase) / Decrease in Tax Prepayments (TDS Recv / Advance Tax)
Δ = 64,500.00 across 2 ledger(s)
Ledgers: TDS Receivable 24-25, TDS Reveivable 23-24
|
-64,500.00 |
|
Increase / (Decrease) in Duties & Taxes (aggregate)
Δ = 33,301.06 across 1 ledger(s)
Ledgers: Duties & Taxes
|
33,301.06 |
| = Cash generated from operations | 376,830.96 |
| Net Cash from Operating Activities | 376,830.96 |
| Direct Operating (from vouchers) | Amount |
|---|---|
| Inflows | |
|
Trade Receivables
12 ledger(s): Ekadrisht Capital Private Limited, Finaccle Advisory Private Limited, Fund It Up, GA Design, …
|
1,233,607.06 |
| Outflows | |
|
Operating Expense
6 ledger(s): Data Entry Charges, Indian Instute of Corporate Affairs, Kundan Thanvi, Mahesh Thakkar, …
|
−287,395.50 |
|
GST Payable
3 ledger(s): CGST, IGST, SGST
|
−171,399.00 |
|
Office & Admin
5 ledger(s): Digital Signature Charges, MCA Charges, Office Expenses, Telephone Expenses, …
|
−171,343.51 |
|
Travel & Field
2 ledger(s): Business Meeting Expenses, Travelling Expense
|
−135,773.96 |
|
Employee Cost
1 ledger(s): Staff Welfare Expenses
|
−69,177.34 |
|
TDS Payable
1 ledger(s): TDS Payable
|
−17,500.00 |
|
office & Admin
1 ledger(s): PTEC for Partners
|
−4,480.40 |
|
Other / Unmapped
1 ledger(s): Round Off
|
−0.06 |
| Direct Operating Net | 376,537.28 |
How to use this: scan for the component on the
Indirect side whose sign/magnitude doesn't match a corresponding
category on the Direct side. Common suspects:
(a) a "Provisions / Bad Debts / Write-offs" add-back that's
larger than expected — means an expense got tagged non-cash
that actually hit the bank;
(b) a WC line whose Δ is big but the matching Direct category is
small (mis-tagged wc_component);
(c) "Income Tax paid" line smaller than the Direct "Tax Paid"
category — means some tax payments used ledger names the
Indirect regex doesn't catch (e.g. "TCS", "Professional Tax").
Per-ledger Operating variance 41 ledgers · every rupee traced
Sum of the Δ column equals the Operating variance between methods. Rows with Δ > 0 = Indirect over-counts; Δ < 0 = Indirect under-counts. Sort: biggest absolute variance first.
| Ledger | Nature | Category | Indirect Op | Direct Op | Δ (Ind − Dir) | Indirect classification rule applied |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Professional Fees | income | Revenue | 1,209,667.00 | 0.00 | 1,209,667.00 | income (+Cr−Dr = 1,209,667.00−0.00) |
| Fund It Up | — | — | 0.00 | 236,000.00 | -236,000.00 | (ledger seen only in Direct) |
| Mindcraft Software Private Limited | — | — | 0.00 | 210,600.00 | -210,600.00 | (ledger seen only in Direct) |
| Shreearth Financial (Debtor) | — | — | 0.00 | 196,667.06 | -196,667.06 | (ledger seen only in Direct) |
| Professional Expense | expense | Professional Fees | -183,000.00 | 0.00 | -183,000.00 | expense (−(Dr−Cr) = −(183,000.00−0.00)) |
| GA Design | — | — | 0.00 | 162,000.00 | -162,000.00 | (ledger seen only in Direct) |
| S S M G & ASSOCIATES LLP | — | — | 0.00 | 156,200.00 | -156,200.00 | (ledger seen only in Direct) |
| Sundry Debtors | asset | Trade Receivables | -129,300.00 | 0.00 | -129,300.00 | asset Receivable — −(Dr−Cr) = −(1,432,407.06−1,303,107.06) |
| Kundan Thanvi | — | — | 0.00 | -126,000.00 | 126,000.00 | (ledger seen only in Direct) |
| Professional Services (IGST) | expense | Professional Fees | -123,000.00 | 0.00 | -123,000.00 | expense (−(Dr−Cr) = −(123,000.00−0.00)) |
| SHREEARTH FINANCIAL (Creditor) | — | — | 0.00 | -108,000.00 | 108,000.00 | (ledger seen only in Direct) |
| NK SARRAF & ASSOCIATES | — | — | 0.00 | 91,800.00 | -91,800.00 | (ledger seen only in Direct) |
| TDS Receivable 24-25 | asset | TDS Receivable | -64,500.00 | 0.00 | -64,500.00 | asset nan — −(Dr−Cr) = −(69,500.00−5,000.00) |
| SGST | — | — | 0.00 | -63,082.00 | 63,082.00 | (ledger seen only in Direct) |
| CGST | — | — | 0.00 | -63,017.00 | 63,017.00 | (ledger seen only in Direct) |
| Partner Reimbursement (Rahul) | liability | Partner Reimbursement | 45,886.00 | 0.00 | 45,886.00 | liability Payable — +(Cr−Dr) = +(317,038.00−271,152.00) |
| IGST | — | — | 0.00 | -45,300.00 | 45,300.00 | (ledger seen only in Direct) |
| Finaccle Advisory Private Limited | — | — | 0.00 | 43,200.00 | -43,200.00 | (ledger seen only in Direct) |
| Ekadrisht Capital Private Limited | — | — | 0.00 | 37,800.00 | -37,800.00 | (ledger seen only in Direct) |
| Duties & Taxes | liability | Duties & Taxes | 33,301.06 | 0.00 | 33,301.06 | liability nan — +(Cr−Dr) = +(245,240.06−211,939.00) |
| Savex Technologies Private Limited | — | — | 0.00 | 32,400.00 | -32,400.00 | (ledger seen only in Direct) |
| Niket Nathani HUF | — | — | 0.00 | -31,500.00 | 31,500.00 | (ledger seen only in Direct) |
| Reneusleep India Private Limtied | — | — | 0.00 | 30,000.00 | -30,000.00 | (ledger seen only in Direct) |
| Koshar Resources India Private Limited | — | — | 0.00 | 21,600.00 | -21,600.00 | (ledger seen only in Direct) |
| Sundry Creditors | liability | Trade Payables | 17,700.00 | 0.00 | 17,700.00 | liability Payable — +(Cr−Dr) = +(326,040.00−308,340.00) |
| TDS Payable | — | — | 0.00 | -17,500.00 | 17,500.00 | (ledger seen only in Direct) |
| Office Expenses | expense | Office & Admin | -164,440.00 | -147,351.31 | -17,088.69 | expense (−(Dr−Cr) = −(164,440.00−0.00)) |
| Savio Monteiro | — | — | 0.00 | 15,340.00 | -15,340.00 | (ledger seen only in Direct) |
| Travelling Expense | expense | Travel & Field | -112,520.00 | -100,826.86 | -11,693.14 | expense (−(Dr−Cr) = −(112,520.00−0.00)) |
| Mahesh Thakkar | — | — | 0.00 | -9,440.00 | 9,440.00 | (ledger seen only in Direct) |
| Staff Welfare Expenses | expense | Employee Cost | -77,200.00 | -69,177.34 | -8,022.66 | expense (−(Dr−Cr) = −(77,200.00−0.00)) |
| Data Entry Charges | — | — | 0.00 | -7,168.64 | 7,168.64 | (ledger seen only in Direct) |
| Indian Instute of Corporate Affairs | — | — | 0.00 | -5,286.87 | 5,286.87 | (ledger seen only in Direct) |
| Subscription (Professional) | expense | Office & Admin | -5,000.00 | 0.00 | -5,000.00 | expense (−(Dr−Cr) = −(5,000.00−0.00)) |
| Business Meeting Expenses | expense | Travel & Field | -39,000.00 | -34,947.10 | -4,052.90 | expense (−(Dr−Cr) = −(39,000.00−0.00)) |
| Telephone Expenses | expense | Office & Admin | -22,500.00 | -20,161.79 | -2,338.21 | expense (−(Dr−Cr) = −(22,500.00−0.00)) |
| PTEC for Partners | expense | office & Admin | -5,000.00 | -4,480.40 | -519.60 | expense (−(Dr−Cr) = −(5,000.00−0.00)) |
| Digital Signature Charges | expense | Office & Admin | -2,478.00 | -2,220.48 | -257.52 | expense (−(Dr−Cr) = −(2,478.00−0.00)) |
| Website and Email (Subscription) | expense | Office & Admin | -1,685.04 | -1,509.93 | -175.11 | expense (−(Dr−Cr) = −(1,685.04−0.00)) |
| Round Off | expense | Other / Unmapped | -0.06 | -0.06 | 0.00 | expense (−(Dr−Cr) = −(0.06−0.00)) |
| MCA Charges | expense | Office & Admin | -100.00 | -100.00 | 0.00 | expense (−(Dr−Cr) = −(100.00−0.00)) |
| Totals | 376,830.96 | 376,537.28 | 293.68 | |||
| Engine's Indirect Op (from `indirect_operating_net`) | 376,830.96 | 376,537.28 | 293.68 | Must match the Totals row above (within paisa of rounding). Any mismatch ⇒ attribution rule bug. | ||
How to read this: each ledger contributes a specific amount to Indirect Operating (per accrual rules: income ⇒ +Cr−Dr, expense ⇒ −(Dr−Cr), asset WC ⇒ −(Dr−Cr), liability WC ⇒ +(Cr−Dr)). Direct attributes cash flow per actual voucher processing. Where the two diverge by a non-trivial amount, it's a specific mapping / classification / treatment issue on that ledger — not "rounding". Click a row's ledger name in a future version to see every voucher that touched it.
Equity ledgers pulled into Indirect engine 4 ledger(s) · debug Financing variance
Everything here contributes to raw_eq_delta; PAT is subtracted at end. If your P&L A/c or Reserves ledger is missing from this list, that's why Financing variance = PAT — my mask didn't catch it.
| Ledger | Nature tag | Category | Δ (Cr − Dr) | Included because |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prateek Agrawal | equity | Partner's Capital | -2,825.96 | nature=equity |
| Rahul Nathani | equity | Partner's Capital | -259,000.00 | nature=equity |
| Sakshi Nathani Partner A/c | equity | Partner's Capital | 0.00 | nature=equity |
| Profit & Loss A/c | equity | Retained Earnings | 368,281.90 | nature=equity + name matches P&L/Reserves pattern + category='Retained Earnings' matches |
| raw_eq_delta (sum of above) | 106,455.94 | |||
If Direct's partner-drawings figure ≠ Indirect's equity Δ (after PAT
adjustment), that's a mapping/tagging problem. The Direct figure
comes from actual Dr <Partner> / Cr Bank voucher lines —
this is ground truth. If Indirect says something different,
investigate the partner-ledger TB classification or PAT value.