Cash Flow Statement (Indirect Method)
Built from TB: PAT + non-cash add-backs ± working-capital changes. Reconciles to opening + closing bank balance.
October 2024
Consultant view — includes per-ledger inflows/outflows, voucher counts, skipped journals, per-ledger variance, and cross-checks.
The business burned ₹137,460 of cash this period — bank + petty cash shrank by this amount.
Cash Reconciliation
Opening + Net CF = Closing · the identity that proves every ₹ is accounted for
Indirect Cash Flow Statement
Full line-by-line build from PAT — including per-ledger detail for every working-capital and non-cash adjustment
Starts from PAT (from the P&L). Non-cash items are added back. WC deltas are computed from opening vs closing balances in the TB. Tax & interest paid come from the Payments Register (voucher-level).
| Profit After Tax (PAT) | ₹159,559.00 |
| = Operating profit before WC changes | ₹159,559.00 |
|
−(Increase) / Decrease in Trade Receivables
Δ (TB opening→closing) = 153,400.00 across 1 ledger(s). Non-cash components excluded from working capital to avoid double counting (e.g. bad-debt write-offs reduce Debtors without affecting cash)
Ledgers: Sundry Debtors
|
−₹153,400.00 |
|
−Increase / (Decrease) in Trade Payables
Δ (TB opening→closing) = -70,351.78 across 4 ledger(s)
Ledgers: Provisions, Sundry Creditors, Partner Reimbursement (Rahul), Provision for Income Tax
|
−₹70,351.78 |
|
＋(Increase) / Decrease in Tax Prepayments (TDS Recv / Advance Tax)
Δ = -2,252.00 across 2 ledger(s)
Ledgers: TDS Receivable 24-25, TDS Reveivable 23-24
|
₹2,252.00 |
|
−Increase / (Decrease) in Duties & Taxes (aggregate)
Δ = -1,419.22 across 1 ledger(s)
Ledgers: Duties & Taxes
|
−₹1,419.22 |
| = Cash generated from operations | −₹63,360.00 |
| Net Cash from Operating Activities | −₹63,360.00 |
| Net Cash from Investing Activities | ₹0.00 |
|
−Drawings / Capital withdrawn — Rahul Nathani
Cr movement − Dr movement = -74,100.00
Ledgers: Rahul Nathani
|
−₹74,100.00 |
|
＋(No PAT adjustment — profit not yet appropriated)
PAT of ₹159,559.00 is NOT reflected in any equity ledger Δ (P&L A/c / Reserves Δ ≈ 0 and partner capital net Δ is pure drawings). ΔEquity already equals −Drawings, so no PAT subtraction needed. If your firm DOES appropriate profit at year-end, post a journal: Dr P&L A/c, Cr Partner Capital — then re-run this report.
|
₹0.00 |
| Net Cash from Financing Activities | −₹74,100.00 |
| Net Increase / (Decrease) in Cash | −₹137,460.00 |
Direct ↔ Indirect reconciliation
Section-by-section — voucher-sourced Direct vs TB-Δ Indirect. Large variance ⇒ specific mapping/tagging gap
| Section | Direct (voucher) | Indirect (TB Δ) | Variance | Likely cause if variance ≠ 0 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Operating net | -63,360.00 | -63,360.00 | 0.00 | — reconciles cleanly |
| Investing net | 0.00 | -0.00 | 0.00 | — reconciles cleanly |
| Financing net | -74,100.00 | -74,100.00 | 0.00 | — reconciles cleanly |
| Net Cash Flow (all sections) | -137,460.00 | -137,460.00 | 0.00 | |
| TB Bank/Cash period movement (ground truth) | -137,460.00 | |||
Financing drill-down
| Partner / Capital outflow (Direct — from payment vouchers) | 74,100.00 |
| Partner / Capital inflow (Direct — contributions) | 0.00 |
| Direct net (Capital contributions − Drawings) | -74,100.00 |
| Loan taken (Direct) | 0.00 |
| Loan repaid (Direct) | 0.00 |
| Direct net (Borrowings) | 0.00 |
Operating reconciliation — line-by-line variance: 0 (reconciled)
(Indirect build vs Direct voucher breakdown) If Indirect Operating ≠ Direct Operating, the gap lives in exactly one (or two) of the lines below.
| Indirect Operating build | Amount |
|---|---|
| Profit After Tax (PAT) | 159,559.00 |
| = Operating profit before WC changes | 159,559.00 |
|
(Increase) / Decrease in Trade Receivables
Δ (TB opening→closing) = 153,400.00 across 1 ledger(s). Non-cash components excluded from working capital to avoid double counting (e.g. bad-debt write-offs reduce Debtors without affecting cash)
Ledgers: Sundry Debtors
|
-153,400.00 |
|
Increase / (Decrease) in Trade Payables
Δ (TB opening→closing) = -70,351.78 across 4 ledger(s)
Ledgers: Provisions, Sundry Creditors, Partner Reimbursement (Rahul), Provision for Income Tax
|
-70,351.78 |
|
(Increase) / Decrease in Tax Prepayments (TDS Recv / Advance Tax)
Δ = -2,252.00 across 2 ledger(s)
Ledgers: TDS Receivable 24-25, TDS Reveivable 23-24
|
2,252.00 |
|
Increase / (Decrease) in Duties & Taxes (aggregate)
Δ = -1,419.22 across 1 ledger(s)
Ledgers: Duties & Taxes
|
-1,419.22 |
| = Cash generated from operations | -63,360.00 |
| Net Cash from Operating Activities | -63,360.00 |
| Direct Operating (from vouchers) | Amount |
|---|---|
| Inflows | |
|
Trade Receivables
3 ledger(s): Finaccle Advisory Private Limited, GA Design, S S M G & ASSOCIATES LLP
|
108,000.00 |
| Outflows | |
|
Travel & Field
2 ledger(s): Business Meeting Expenses, Travelling Expense
|
−38,402.08 |
|
Office & Admin
2 ledger(s): Office Expenses, Telephone Expenses
|
−34,632.32 |
|
GST Payable
3 ledger(s): CGST, IGST, SGST
|
−32,760.00 |
|
Employee Cost
1 ledger(s): Staff Welfare Expenses
|
−27,606.85 |
|
Operating Expense
2 ledger(s): BNI India Enterprises Private Limited, Mahesh Thakkar
|
−18,439.14 |
|
TDS Payable
1 ledger(s): TDS Payable
|
−10,000.00 |
|
Professional Fees
1 ledger(s): Tax Audit Charges
|
−9,519.60 |
| Direct Operating Net | -63,360.00 |
How to use this: scan for the component on the
Indirect side whose sign/magnitude doesn't match a corresponding
category on the Direct side. Common suspects:
(a) a "Provisions / Bad Debts / Write-offs" add-back that's
larger than expected — means an expense got tagged non-cash
that actually hit the bank;
(b) a WC line whose Δ is big but the matching Direct category is
small (mis-tagged wc_component);
(c) "Income Tax paid" line smaller than the Direct "Tax Paid"
category — means some tax payments used ledger names the
Indirect regex doesn't catch (e.g. "TCS", "Professional Tax").
Per-ledger Operating variance 23 ledgers · every rupee traced
Sum of the Δ column equals the Operating variance between methods. Rows with Δ > 0 = Indirect over-counts; Δ < 0 = Indirect under-counts. Sort: biggest absolute variance first.
| Ledger | Nature | Category | Indirect Op | Direct Op | Δ (Ind − Dir) | Indirect classification rule applied |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Professional Fees | income | Revenue | 230,000.00 | 0.00 | 230,000.00 | income (+Cr−Dr = 230,000.00−0.00) |
| Sundry Debtors | asset | Trade Receivables | -153,400.00 | 0.00 | -153,400.00 | asset Receivable — −(Dr−Cr) = −(271,400.00−118,000.00) |
| Partner Reimbursement (Rahul) | liability | Partner Reimbursement | -52,651.78 | 0.00 | -52,651.78 | liability Payable — +(Cr−Dr) = +(58,248.22−110,900.00) |
| Finaccle Advisory Private Limited | — | — | 0.00 | 48,600.00 | -48,600.00 | (ledger seen only in Direct) |
| S S M G & ASSOCIATES LLP | — | — | 0.00 | 32,400.00 | -32,400.00 | (ledger seen only in Direct) |
| GA Design | — | — | 0.00 | 27,000.00 | -27,000.00 | (ledger seen only in Direct) |
| Mahesh Thakkar | — | — | 0.00 | -17,700.00 | 17,700.00 | (ledger seen only in Direct) |
| Sundry Creditors | liability | Trade Payables | -17,700.00 | 0.00 | -17,700.00 | liability Payable — +(Cr−Dr) = +(388.22−18,088.22) |
| Office Expenses | expense | Office & Admin | -15,690.00 | -29,872.52 | 14,182.52 | expense (−(Dr−Cr) = −(15,690.00−0.00)) |
| Staff Welfare Expenses | expense | Employee Cost | -14,500.00 | -27,606.85 | 13,106.85 | expense (−(Dr−Cr) = −(14,500.00−0.00)) |
| IGST | — | — | 0.00 | -12,960.00 | 12,960.00 | (ledger seen only in Direct) |
| TDS Reveivable 23-24 | asset | TDS Receivable | 12,252.00 | 0.00 | 12,252.00 | asset nan — −(Dr−Cr) = −(0.00−12,252.00) |
| Travelling Expense | expense | Travel & Field | -12,670.00 | -24,122.68 | 11,452.68 | expense (−(Dr−Cr) = −(12,670.00−0.00)) |
| TDS Payable | — | — | 0.00 | -10,000.00 | 10,000.00 | (ledger seen only in Direct) |
| TDS Receivable 24-25 | asset | TDS Receivable | -10,000.00 | 0.00 | -10,000.00 | asset nan — −(Dr−Cr) = −(10,000.00−0.00) |
| CGST | — | — | 0.00 | -9,900.00 | 9,900.00 | (ledger seen only in Direct) |
| SGST | — | — | 0.00 | -9,900.00 | 9,900.00 | (ledger seen only in Direct) |
| Business Meeting Expenses | expense | Travel & Field | -7,500.00 | -14,279.41 | 6,779.41 | expense (−(Dr−Cr) = −(7,500.00−0.00)) |
| Tax Audit Charges | expense | Professional Fees | -5,000.00 | -9,519.60 | 4,519.60 | expense (−(Dr−Cr) = −(5,000.00−0.00)) |
| Telephone Expenses | expense | Office & Admin | -2,500.00 | -4,759.80 | 2,259.80 | expense (−(Dr−Cr) = −(2,500.00−0.00)) |
| Duties & Taxes | liability | Duties & Taxes | -1,419.22 | 0.00 | -1,419.22 | liability nan — +(Cr−Dr) = +(41,400.00−42,819.22) |
| BNI India Enterprises Private Limited | — | — | 0.00 | -739.14 | 739.14 | (ledger seen only in Direct) |
| BNI Subscription and Training | expense | Office & Admin | -329.00 | 0.00 | -329.00 | expense (−(Dr−Cr) = −(329.00−0.00)) |
| Totals | -51,108.00 | -63,360.00 | 12,252.00 | |||
| Engine's Indirect Op (from `indirect_operating_net`) | -63,360.00 | -63,360.00 | 0.00 | Must match the Totals row above (within paisa of rounding). Any mismatch ⇒ attribution rule bug. | ||
How to read this: each ledger contributes a specific amount to Indirect Operating (per accrual rules: income ⇒ +Cr−Dr, expense ⇒ −(Dr−Cr), asset WC ⇒ −(Dr−Cr), liability WC ⇒ +(Cr−Dr)). Direct attributes cash flow per actual voucher processing. Where the two diverge by a non-trivial amount, it's a specific mapping / classification / treatment issue on that ledger — not "rounding". Click a row's ledger name in a future version to see every voucher that touched it.
Equity ledgers pulled into Indirect engine 4 ledger(s) · debug Financing variance
Everything here contributes to raw_eq_delta; PAT is subtracted at end. If your P&L A/c or Reserves ledger is missing from this list, that's why Financing variance = PAT — my mask didn't catch it.
| Ledger | Nature tag | Category | Δ (Cr − Dr) | Included because |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prateek Agrawal | equity | Partner's Capital | 0.00 | nature=equity |
| Rahul Nathani | equity | Partner's Capital | -74,100.00 | nature=equity |
| Sakshi Nathani Partner A/c | equity | Partner's Capital | 0.00 | nature=equity |
| Profit & Loss A/c | equity | Retained Earnings | 0.00 | nature=equity + name matches P&L/Reserves pattern + category='Retained Earnings' matches |
| raw_eq_delta (sum of above) | -74,100.00 | |||
If Direct's partner-drawings figure ≠ Indirect's equity Δ (after PAT
adjustment), that's a mapping/tagging problem. The Direct figure
comes from actual Dr <Partner> / Cr Bank voucher lines —
this is ground truth. If Indirect says something different,
investigate the partner-ledger TB classification or PAT value.